Happiness Essay Example for Free

Happiness Essay Nowadays, people talk a lot about happiness; they even write tens and hundreds of books dealing with this concept from a philosophical perspective in order to find its relationship with daily life. Unfortunately, there are always controversies about the nature and origin of happiness: is it health, love, money, job, or success? In fact, happiness cannot be reached as a treasure such as gold or silver because it is more expensive than all that brings you wealth. In other words, happiness can be considered as a diamond in the depths of sea that needs a gifted diver who looks at life from a realistic corner with plenty of hope and enthusiasm. Sometimes, we just forget that happiness is a sense of inner joy that could be easily reachable by programming our souls and regulating our moods in order to feel happy in every occasion no matter how small it is. In fact, it will be good if people try to acquire the habit of enjoying things throughout their lives by opening minds and taking every single minute to laugh and feel good. Happiness can be found by reading the beauty of the world through a rose blooming, a green carpet of grass, a child playing innocently, or even a bird singing. Our misunderstanding to ourselves as humans could be the most dangerous threat to our happiness. We will be happier if we look inside ourselves for innocence and spontaneity because it will be a good start to get back the beautiful smile that we used to have as children. If we look to happiness as a concept, it will be hard to reach; on the other hand, if we look at it as a set of little habits, it will be easily reachable. But this happiness will remain a concept if we do not separate it from pride and vanity. People all over the world are looking for the source of happiness or sadness, but they could not identify their roots accurately. Human beings tend to believe that happiness will knock on their doors when they achieve success, or sadness will cross their path when they encounter a failure. Unfortunately, life is not that easy. There are many people who feel sadness despite the achieved success and wealth, and there are also those who feel happy despite the failure they are going through. The real happiness is the nner one that remains with you no matter what failure you have experienced in the process of your life. Maybe money and success make your life easier and more comfortable, but the feeling of happiness is far from being got through the use of external things. The road to this attractive concept is mainly based on the inner ability of human to control and guide their souls throughout their good and bad experiences in life. The psychologist Ed Diener states when describing happiness: â€Å"Happiness is a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive emotions than negative emotions. (Diener, Chapter 1). When talk comes to happiness, people always associate it with getting what they think they want from life. In my point of view, happiness can be reached not because we get what we want, but because we concentrate our focus on what we get while forgetting about the rest of things we still need. At this point, happiness gives you the initial step to start your path to be happy, and it is your choice to pursue this feeling or just stop it on the road and kill your joy by negative thoughts. In fact, happiness depends on the human personality because of the simple reason that some people have tendency to look at the empty half of the glass without taking in consideration that the other half is full. At this stage, people have to take a moment to relax and remember that their glasses are half full, and they just should enjoy their happiness the longer they can. Thus, by changing our view of life we can feel happiness as long as we are alive, because life is not worth feelings such sadness and fear. To conclude, we may be happier when we realize that happiness is not a package that comes from the sky, but a moment when we should enjoy what we have and chase all what gives us feelings of fear or negative emotions. Because happiness comes from the inside, we should build a strong foundation on which we can count to achieve external goals. This way, we will be able to enjoy our present and build our future far from troubles that stop us to take risks and accept their results.

William Blakes poems Essay Example for Free

William Blakes poems Essay Much of William Blakes poems are cynical and even satirical of a society who thought themselves to be almost perfect. He wanted people to question what they had always done, and whether it was morally right. He did so by using varying techniques that set up clashes between ideologies and value systems. From the poem The Chimney Sweeper from the Songs of Innocence and the poem London from Songs of Experience; we see that employing poetic techniques to set up such clashes is relatively evident in his poetry. These clashes are due to changing ways of thinking which are also evident in Simon Langtons Pride and Prejudice. Jean Jacque Rousseau once said that man is born free and everywhere he is in chains, which refers to the way weve devised political systems for ourselves that dont allow us to be free. These chains are evident in the poem Chimney sweeper. Blake employs the persona of a small boy, Tom Dacre .This itself is a technique, using the boy as the persona elevates him as an individual. He is no longer a young chimney sweeper, he has a name, he has feelings, emotions, all things, which are mostly unrecognized by the landed elite. Merely by employing the persona of a young chimney sweeper, Blake has set up a clash between ideologies and value systems .Within Pride and Prejudice these chains came in the form of social obligation. These social obligations repress Darcy from showing emotion and tried to pre-destine his future. The theme of individuality is continued as he states Theres little Tom Dacre who cried when his head/That curled like a Lambs back was shavd. However, Blake is now focusing on Toms loss of Individuality. This loss of individuality is due to his social status in the community. The use of imagery and similes once again sets up a clash between the accepted use of children as chimney sweepers and the values that they lose their individuality as a result of it. In the poem London, Blake expresses his critique through the usage of a progression of symbols that spread out from the charterd street to encompass the whole city where the persona notices every face he encounters marks of weakness, marks of woe. The city is therefore represented as an alienating and constricting environment and everybody is marked by it. Society marks individuals due to their family background and connections which restricts the acceptance of Elizabeth Bennet by Lady Catherine De Bourgh who states but who is your mother, Lady De Bourgh reminds Elizabeth her mother was not born into a landed elite family and recommends Elizabeth not to quite the sphere in which she belongs Within the poem The Chimney Sweeper there is conflict regarding the Church of England. The chimney sweepers discussed in the poem are not aided by the church. The church can only stand by, inarticulate, faint and helpless while these suppressed children continue to carry out their inhumane tortures. The sweepers in a dream believe an angel would come by Who had a bright key/ and opened the coffins and set them all free. This is a sign from god, yet it is symbolic of the church itself. Through the use of symbolism, Blake has set up a clash between the common belief that the church is perfect and good in every way, to the value they do nothing for these poor people who believe so ardently in them. These changing attitudes towards the church are reflected within Darwins theory of evolution. Naturalist Charles Darwin went against the traditional way of looking at the creation of man. The traditional belief of god created man was challenged by what he calls the origin of species. Darwin believed in natural selection which meant that random variations occurred within species and allowed them to dominate over other species without this variation, which is ultimately meant survival of the fittest. It is clearly evident through the poems London and The Chimney Sweeper from the Songs of Experience and Innocence respectively, that Blakes poetry, and Simon Langtons Pride and Prejudice depict changing way of thinking in the late 18th century, as conflict between ideologies and values systems takes place. It is tradition that keeps societies, families and communities under control, but when these traditions are challenged, conflict with obviously increase and a new value systems and ideologies will be introduced into society.

Opportunities Within The Vietnamese Market Marketing Essay

Opportunities Within The Vietnamese Market Marketing Essay This report conducts researches and analyzes the opportunities and risks of developing chocolate business in Vietnam in the respect of economic, political, legal, social, cultural, geographical and climatic environment. Moreover, the report evaluates the conditions by rating them as low, medium and high level. After analyzing the detailed factors in Vietnam, the opportunities outweigh risks to a large extent, especially the open trade policy including supporting foreign investment, which leads to further recommendations that Vietnam should be reflected as the potential market to expand chocolate business for Swiss manufacturer and it is feasible to set up factory. Vietnam has experienced market-oriented economic reforms since 1986, which gave rise to speedy economic development. Over the period of 1991 to 2005, GDP growth rate in Vietnam achieved around 7.9% (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008). In the mean time, Vietnamese economy has become one of Asian largest economies with nominal GDP of $ 436 billion and $92.439 billion in 2009. According to the Vietnam Living Standard Survey (VLSS) conducted by the GSO every two years, the average income per person in Vietnam in 2006 was VND636,000 per month or VND7.63 million per year, an increase of 31.3% from 2004 (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008), which was on account of the countrys excellent economic performance. On this condition, the Vietnamese are able to buy more consumer goods even high-priced products like fair trade chocolate because increasing disposable incomes mean advancing purchasing capability to a certain degree. Over the past ten years, there were a serious of new trade policies issued to intensify trade liberalization atmosphere and the key aspects are as follows: Firstly, restrictions on quantitative import products have been dismantled to a large extent (on all products except sugar and petroleum products); secondly, due to meaningful cutback in tariffs, the level of regional protectionism has been reduced; thirdly, the obstructions on foreign direct investment (FDI) has been released; finally, government inspired private-sector to take part in foreign trade and set up business ventures (Athukorala, P-C, 2006). Moreover, on November 7, 2006, Vietnam joined the WTO being the 150th Member of the WTO with primary trading partners such as China, Japan, Australia, ASEAN (the Association of South East Asian Nations) countries, the U.S. and Western European countries. There are improvements in two main areas: In service, Vietnam is committed to removing the limits on foreign ownership in most sectors but this can be phased out in different stages; in trading rights, the WTO commitments declare that all domestic and foreign firms have full rights to import and export under the same registration procedures. Trading rights also include the right to distribute imported products in Vietnams territory and the right to choose local distributors (Tien Quang Tran, T. Q., 2008). Consequently, there are less obstructions for Swiss chocolate manufacturer to build manufactory and extend services in Vietnam. More significantly, Swiss producer is able to cooperate with local private-sectors like material suppliers, which endows it with more bargain power due to the favourable trade policies. 2.1.3 Encouragement of foreign investment (high level) Since the early stage of renovation reforms, the Vietnamese government has realized the significant role of FDI for economic transition and development. In recent years, the government is collecting helpful information to bring down the barriers weakened the attraction of FDI and make further step to improve Vietnams investment climate by leading regular semi-annual meetings,. On 1 July 2006, a new law called Investment Law issued by the National Assembly came into effect. The law was put forward with the view of treating the investment activities of both foreign and domestic investors uniformly and inducing a new wave of foreign investment (Tran, T. Q., 2008). Furthermore, the Investment Law is essential to establish more open investment climate and integrate into the international market to meeting WTO principles such as the most-favoured nation, and publicity and transparency principles. Over the past three years, foreign investment in Vietnam grew approximate threefold than the past (Tran, T. Q., 2008). For example, Microsoft and Intel invested 10 million in Vietnam respectively, the Swiss Banks developed shipping industry by financing one billion U.S. dollars, and Taiwans Hon Hai Group contributed 5 billion U.S. dollars in Vietnam to create Hong Haidi country. According to statistics from Vietnams foreign investment administration department, the scale of FDI has reached 160 billion in 2007, with growth rate of 57% compared with 102 billion dollars in 2006. Under these circumstances, there could be more space and opportunities for Swiss fair trade chocolate manufacturer to open up new market in Vietnam on account of less legal restrictions and more encouragement from local government. In addition, when Swiss manufacturer comes up against difficulties, it is necessary for local government to spare no effort to stretch support hand. 2.1.4 Expanding distribution channels (medium level) Since Vietnam entered into the WTO, supermarkets/hypermarkets turn to be principal distribution channels with wide variety of products and a pleasant shopping experience instead of small grocery retailers. For instance, a company called Saigon Nguyen Kim (Sai Gon-Nguyen Kim) opened one shopping center CMC Square in Ho Chi Minh City. CMC Square covers an area of 4,000 square meters, which is able to receive tens of thousands of customers per day. It will be the flagship store among the existing 9 branches which located in the capital Hanoi, Can Tho, Da Nang and Binh Duong Province and other cities. At the moment, the investigation shows that the sales of chocolate confectionery were increasingly sold via supermarkets/hypermarkets (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). More importantly, chocolate is one kind of food which has high requirement for temperature, therefore, the advanced storage condition such as operating air-conditions will contribute t o prolong its storage period and ensure its delicious taste. 2.1.5 Labour cost (medium level) The labour cost in Vietnam is in low level compared with other Asian countries like China. On the one hand, this is an advantage for Swiss chocolate producer to set up manufactory, which is an important factor in saving cost and enables Swiss manufacturer to invest more in promote technical equipments and personnel training. 2.2 Liberalisation in Political Environment (medium level) Until December 2007, Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. In recent years, the government of Vietnam has taken initiatives to locking in domestic (unilateral) liberalisation reforms by committing itself to play an active role in regional, bilateral and multilateral trade liberalisation initiatives (Athukorala, P-C, 2006). This kind of political environment with freedom and open-mind creates democratic business atmosphere for Swiss chocolate producer. Besides, as shown in a enterprise survey conducted by World Bank, it seems that Vietnam has a better ranking compared to all other Asian countries like China and Thailand (Tran, T. Q., 2008, p. 1193). In a word, the stable political situation and high level of security help to bring about low risk for Swiss manufacturer. 2.3 Social and Cultural Aspect 2.3.1 Open attitude to foreign cultures and brands (high level) Beginning from the 1990s, Vietnam has been exposed to foreign cultures like Southeast Asian, European and American culture. Under this influence, local customers are prefer to purchase foreign brands and they consider that international goods own higher quality than local brands with their established names (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). In recent years, many famous foreign brands have entered the market, including Giordano, Levi, Valentino, Chanel, Louis Vuitton, Calvin Klein, LOreal and Shiseido. Clothes, handbags, perfumes and cosmetics have enjoyed an annual growth rate of 30% in the Vietnamese market. At the same time, the number and value of imported cars and motorbikes in Vietnam has increased significantly as a result of a decrease in the import tariff on cars from 90% to 60%. Vietnam imported 28,000 cars in 2007, of which 5,000 cars were imported in December at a value of USD73 million (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor In ternational, 2008, p.2). In view of the current tendency, Swiss fair trade chocolate is able to seize market share due to its high reputation with long history and fantastic taste. 2.3.2 Promotion by public media (medium level) Public media especially TV play important role in transmitting foreign culture and increasing awareness of international brands. Almost 95% of Vietnamese households now have electricity connections compared to only 50% in the early 1990s. Vietnamese people like to watch television in their spare time. In rural areas, people usually visit each other after work to have dinner, talk and enjoy television programs (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p.17). Vietnamese can acquire sufficient information regarding the advantages of chocolate. As the promotion by public media, Vietnamese consumers normally purchased chocolate as a gift for a special occasion such as Tet Holidays, birthdays and especially Valentines Day (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). Moreover, it is more popular that they even consume chocolate as daily consumption goods. 2.3.3 Customers preference of luxury goods (medium level) Some of Vietnamese consumers often shop expensive products even unnecessary to their daily life to define their role and social class in the community to distinguish from other people (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p. 2-2). Especially, the newly emerging affluent classes in Vietnam want to establish themselves as connoisseurs of fashion and use the ownership of foreign brands to show off their wealth and status (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p. 2-1). This phenomenon is beneficial to Swiss chocolate to become popular consumer items. 2.3.4 Majority of teens (medium-high level) As shown in Table 2, people aged 10-24 years are in the majority for many years with approximate 30-31% of the total population due to the uncontrolled birth rate of the 1970s and 1980s (Consumer Lifestyles in Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2008, p. 3-1). In 2007, there were 12.7 million teens in Vietnam. Table 2 Population by Age and Gender (% analysis and % growth): 1995/2007/2015/1995-2007/2007-2015 Source: National statistics, UN, Euromonitor International This teens group are more sensitive to external factors such as fashion trends from other countries which will exert great effect on their choice of clothes, hairstyle and snacks. One the one hand, some of them are still students whose parents give pocket money to, hence, they can make some of their own decisions on what to buy or what to eat. On the other hand, some of them may have started to work to earn their own income and already have adequate purchasing power to decide what to buy. Therefore, this target customer group will be the limitless resources for Swiss chocolate producer to explore. 2.4 Proximity to China and Thailand (medium level) It is bordered by China to the north and close to Thailand as well. The geographical position could attract large numbers of tourists especially those are from China and Thailand. On the situation, there are huge potential customers who may purchase Swiss fair trade chocolate when they are appealed to the exquisite design combined with local specialty. 3 RISKS IN VIETNAM 3.1 Incomplete Tariff Structure Reform (medium level) Over the past years, although Vietnamese government has made significant development in market economy such as rationalizing the tariff structure, the tariffs are still at high level and non-uniform (Athukorala, P-C, 2006), which means that if Swiss manufacturer produces chocolates offshore and transports them to Vietnam, it may take higher cost than producing in Vietnam. 3.2 Legal Aspect 3.2.1 Insufficient protection of intellectual property rights (medium-high level) Vietnam has devoted to protect intellectual property rights (IPR) in these years including integrating itself with APEC cooperation activities in the intellectual property area implemented through the APEC Intellectual Property Rights Experts Group (IPEG) (Nha Trang, 2007, p.5). Nevertheless, as shown in Table 3, there is still inadequate emphasis on the protection of IPR and the number of companies which have registered industrial property only account for 25% over all of operating companies. In addition, the activities of IP infringement are turning more frequent and increasingly complex. Under this kind of circumstance, there are almost no Vietnamese companies to set up IP departments or appoint commissioners to take charge of managing companies IP assets. As a result, when Swiss producer enters into Vietnam market, it is inevitable to be in the face of the risk of tort and possible that there is no enough legal support. Table 3 Software Piracy Rates by Countries Source from: Business Software Alliance (BSA) and IDC Global Software Piracy Study, 2005 3.2.2 Less corruption than other Asian countries (medium level) In Vietnam there are about 50% of companies are likely to bribe such as giving gifts to tax inspectors. However, corruption is less and the amount and value of bribe is lower than other Asian countries including China and Thailand. In particular, senior managers in Vietnam have to spend about six percent of their weekly time in dealing with the requirements of government regulations (Tran, T. Q., 2008). Whats more, there is high confidence for enterprises paying lower costs for security and crime owning to the advanced legal system in Vietnam. Consequently, this corruption may not impose too much negative influence on the businesses and investments of Swiss chocolate manufacturer. 3.3 Social and Cultural Aspect 3.3.1 Customer with price-conscious (medium level) Some of Vietnamese consumers were very price-conscious and they may cut back expenditure when they are against recession period. More important, fair trade chocolate is more expensive than normal one, which may be labeled as an unessential luxury goods. Accordingly, they may ignore the high-price goods to save their money (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.1). 3.3.2 Intensive competition (high level) Internal competition Currently, there are two dominant chocolate companies in Vietnam Nestlà © Vietnam Ltd and Mars Vietnam Inc, which has set up stable prestige with well-known chocolate brands such as MMs, Mars, Goplana and KitKat. In 2008, Nestlà © Vietnam Ltd took up 10% share of value sales in chocolate confectionery, and Mars Vietnam Inc took second position with only 0.1% behind Nestlà ©. They enjoyed the advantages of first mover, and are more experienced than local manufacturers in this category (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). Moreover, Belcholat JSC experienced the largest increase in actual value sales at VND8.1 billion in 2008. On the fact of this, it is difficult for Swiss manufacturer to occupy adequate large market share compared with its competitors, especially Nestlà © is from Switzerland as well. External competition There are various local sweet and savoury snacks and sugar confectionery such as chips/crisps, snack bars and fruit snacks in Vietnam, which means that Swiss producer faces high threat of substitutes. Local manufacturers have more experience in making appetizing snacks with diversified taste, sizes and prices satisfying different customers (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.2). On this condition, it is possible for fair trade chocolate to lose large market share to these snacks in the niche segment due to its high price and the demands for alternatives options will increase more than chocolate (Chocolate Confectionery Vietnam, Euromonitor International, 2009, p.3). 3.4 Unstable Weather (medium level) Vietnams climate is Subtropical monsoon with large rainfall and high humidity, and the weather is unsteady especially in the mountains and plateaus which may be 5  Ã‚ °C in December and January and 37  Ã‚ °C in July and August, and the average annual temperature is higher in the plains and in the south. In particular, in recent period, the temperature in winter is higher than before. The changing weather exerts negative impact on producing and storing up chocolate for manufacturers. 4 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION After the first step of analysis of Vietnam, firstly, at the aspect of economic environment, on the one hand, it is visible that the open economic environment with increasing disposable incomes and expanding distribution channels will give positive influence on building chocolate market for Swiss enterprise. In particular, the increasing relaxed and open-minded trade policies including encouraging foreign investment illustrate that there is less unfair treatment for foreign companies and when they face such one they could ask help for government and law with more opportunities to solve problems. On the other hand, the tariff structure reform is still on the way and there are a lot of disadvantages and irrationality. By measuring the pros and cons, it is considered that the opportunities in economic aspect have great weigh than risks. Secondly, in terms of social and cultural surroundings, Vietnam culture is affected by foreign culture largely in recent years, especially the teenagers accounting for the majority of Vietnam population are willing to accept international fashion and brands, with the aid of public medias propaganda. Although there are some Vietnam are still traditional price-conscious, more and more people could afford and be glad to purchase luxury goods to orientate their social position. However, the fierce competition in Vietnam chocolate business is a huge risk for Swiss manufacturer who is later mover because it should take long period to set up its social prestige and be difficult to compete with these first movers. As a result, it is necessary to weigh the opportunities and risks further. Thirdly, the dramatic weather exert negative impact on setting up manufactory because chocolate is one kind of the temperature-sensitive snakes. It will take more costs to produce chocolate and keep them in storage. Nevertheless, combined with other factors such as tariff and labour cost, it may be cost-saving in Vietnam than in other Asian countries. Hence, after doing research on Vietnam climate and geography, it is advocated that Swiss chocolate company could establish factory in north of Vietnam and in plain and it should take more effort to consider the exact position of manufactory in the next step. In a word, by weighing the opportunities and risks mentioned above, Vietnam is still a potential market for Swiss chocolate enterprise to expand service and set up plant. Certainly, it should make further effort to explore the feasibility by conducting more marketing investigation.

security terminology :: essays research papers

Security   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terminology Define the following terms: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Authentication – ability to identify who it is a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ACL – (access control list) is associated w/ a given resource. Describes groups, users, machines and their permissions associated with that particular resource. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Token- one time only password key b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CA- certificate of authority- creates certificates -system or entity trusted to generate and distribute digital certificates. Can be privately used or from a 3rd party e-commerce site. Verifies identity of user. Authentication method. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RA- Registration Authority-issues certificates-RA verifies credentials supplied by an agent and then sends the CA an okay to issue a certificate. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PKI- Public Key Infrastructure- Policies and behaviors that surround the deployment and management of key pairs. How you issue two keys at one time. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kerberos- Authentication method used by Microsoft. Uses 3 different protocols, listed below   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TGT- Ticket granting ticket. Allows you to request resources on the network from servers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ii.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TGS- Ticket granting server. Accesses a particular network server for tickets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  iii. AS- Authentication Server. Equivalent to a morning check-in at security desk of a hotel. Checks the identity of a server. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CHAP- Challenge handshake authentication protocol. Was designed to replace the PAP. Communication between server and client proving identity. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  MS-CHAP- Microsoft CHAP g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PAP- Password authentication protocol h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  X.509- digital certificate that uniquely identifies a party. Standard structure of a certificate. i.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  KDC- Key distribution center j.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Biometrics- Authentications based on human anatomy. k.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Multifactor- Authentication based on 2 valid authentication methods. l.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mutual Authentication- Client establishes identity to server. Server provides authentication information to client to ensure that illicit servers cannot masquerade as genuine servers. Both parties have to authenticate. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Encryption- hiding data using algorithms. protection, method of code, algorithms, formulas a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asymmetric keys- pair of key values one public and one private. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symmetric keys- single encryption key generated. c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DES- Data Encryption standard developed by government. d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diffie-hellman- encryption algorithm named after its two creators. e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IPSec- used for encryption of TCP/IP traffic. Method of encrypting any IP transmissions. f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PGP- Pretty good privacy- mainly used in email less secure than the PKI. g.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RSA- Rivest-Shamir-Adleman- encryption algorithm named after its 3 creators. Using two pair keys. h.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SSL- Secure Socket Loader- used mainly on web servers to transmit securely via HTTPS:// 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Network protocols and organization a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DMZ- Demilitarized zone- Zone used for public access. Used with FTP, web servers and DNS servers. b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IDS- Intrusion Detection System- 2 types: Active and Passive c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NAT- Network Address Translation- Appends to your logical port. Protects internal hosts. Used with proxy servers. Translates internal IP to Real IP. Uses unique port table. There is 65,000 ports d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tunneling- ability to go to 1 point to another as though you are a single proprietary line.

Hitlers Rise To Power :: essays research papers fc

Hitler’s Rise To Power   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who or what was responsible for Hitler’s rise to power? Many believe that there was only one factor for his rise to power. Some state that Hitler could not have risen to power in any other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. Others say that Hitler made himself dictator by means of his political genius. And yet still others claim that it was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic or Germany’s social and economic scene in the 1930’s that made the people restless and ready for a dictator to come to power. There was no sole cause for Hitler’s rise to power. There were two. The political and economic chaos of the 1920’s and the 1930’s joined forces with German culture that enabled Hitler to rise to power. Both play an equal part. Together, both reasons fit together like pieces of a puzzle, to create a unique situation for Hitler’s rise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hitler was in part a product of German culture. German culture stands out as particularly aggressive and racist. The values and ideas found in this culture’s history inspired Hitler to do many things that he did and can explain in part why he felt the way he did on certain issues (Stern).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stevens 2 Hundreds of years before Hitler emerged, German philosophers and artist preached an almost religious worship of the state. They discussed the idea of the master race, and created a mythology of German heroism that encouraged loyalty to the group and glorified death for the country. Hitler and many Germans like him, was an enthusiastic student of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel who argued that the State â€Å"has the supreme right against the individual, whose supreme duty is to be a member of the State.† Hegel foresaw in the early 1800’s that â€Å"Germany’s hour† would come and that the country’s mission would be to redevelop the world. A German hero would complete this mission (Landry). Like Hegel, another German philosopher more directly portrayed the conventionality and obedience necessary for a secure State. Heinrich von Treitschke espoused that it was of no consequence what you thought about anything, just as long as you obeyed German law. Germany’s tradition also produced Friedrich Nietzsche who preached the coming of a master race and the superman who would conquer, impose a glorified state, and purify the master race.

This Fad?s Gotten Out of Control :: essays research papers fc

In America, 10,250 people died from skin cancer this past year, according to the American Cancer Society. Skin cancer, the most common of all cancers, accounts for nearly all cancers in the United States. Over one million cases are diagnosed in this country each year (Johnnie).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason for all of this? UV exposure. America’s value of life is very high, yet many people die just because they are not wise enough to keep out of the sun.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The greatest danger from this problem is faced by teenagers. Studies have shown that among artificial tanners, those who started at an early age are more likely to develop skin cancer. Out of high school-aged girls, 51 percent reported using a commercial tanning bed at least four times in the past year (Perron). The fact of the matter is younger people do not have the foresight to realize that being tan isn’t worth the sometimes fatal after-effects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The social desirability of a tan is a modern phenomenon, beginning in the 1920’s when the French designer Coco Chanel decreed it as a fashion look. The concept of obtaining a tan without going outdoors became increasingly attractive (Aldige). Today’s media influences everyone, but especially young people, to feel like they need to have that beautiful dark skin color to look good. Teenagers, caring more about their social status and appearance, are looking past the obvious risks of skin cancer. Teenagers ages 12 to 17 are visiting tanning salons in record numbers. This trend presents a huge level of concern, as studies have shown that the risk for skin cancer increases when tanning begins at a younger age. With this fad being so popular, teens are always finding themselves at the tanning salons, becoming nice and crispy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best way to keep everyone from this fatal cancer is by completely not allowing teenagers below the age of 18 to ever go to a tanning bed. There have been several other health risks that have been legislated against, such as smoking, drinking, and using seat belts. Why not tanning? We need to make it completely illegal for kids with such delicate skin to go fake-baking. Before the age of 18, teenager’s brains are not mature enough to make wise decisions about something that could greatly affect their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some would argue that they can still go out in the sun and get skin cancer. Experts agree that sunburns are caused primarily by exposure to UVB rays; however, UVA rays do not burn, but actually may do more harm.

Oedipus The King Essay

Oedipus is written as a play, there is no narrator, Sophocles explains the story line and then runs the story into playwright. I like this point of view because it can sometimes be more clear to the reader. There are many points of view in this play. That is there are many different individuals addressed this playwright. Thus there are many different points of view. I think that Oedipus generally speaks in place of a narrator, because he is the main character. I believe he expresses some of the things that Sophocles is trying to say to the audience. An example of this is when he says: â€Å"Speak out, speak to us all. I grieve for these, my people, far more that I fear for my own life.† (Sophocles, 395) I think that Sophocles is trying to get people to speak their own mind, come together, and establish a community. He is saying this through Oedipus. Oedipus goes through many changes. He goes through a state of innocence or ignorance, then through a state of denial and finally a state of acceptance and guilt. Throughout these different stages in his life, he reveals to his audience who he really is. Oedipus believing he is innocent is part of the form in this play. Oedipus has come to the throne of Thebes by solving the Riddle of the Sphinx. There is a plague upon Thebes which Oedipus desires to heal. Creon returns to the palace after his visit to the Pythian House of Phoebus, an oracle. The oracle has said that the only way to cure the illness in Thebes is to find the man whom killed Laius, the previous king of Thebes. Odeipus tries to discover the murderer and requests that the murderer come forward and promises that instead of being killed, he will be banished from Thebes. If any man comes forward with the murderer he will be rewarded and if any guilty man is found and has not confessed, the murderer will be banished from all aspects of society. Tiresias, an aged, blind prophet is brought to Oedipus to reveal the murderer. Tiresias says that Oedipus unknowingly killed Laius. Disbelieving this, Oedipus blames Creon for plotting this against him to gain the throne  of Thebes. Tiresias states his innocence and before he leaves the palace, he gives Oedipus a riddle: The murderer seemed an alien is really a native to Theban, was once poor and now is rich, is the brother of his children and the child of his wife, the heir to his father’s bed and the cause of his father’s death. The form in this part of the play, plays into the certain buildup of the plot. Now Creon comes to the palace after hearing of Oedipus’ charges against him. Oedipus questions Creon as to why Tiresias didn’t come forward when the initial investigation of Laius’ death occured. Creon says he is happy with his position in court and has no desire to take the throne from Oedipus. He tells Oedipus that for proof he can go to the oracle at Pytho and ask if Creon is telling the truth. Jocasta, Oedipus’ wife, tells him that an oracle came to Laius saying that he would die by the hand of his child. Learning this Laius has his newborn son tied at the ankles and taken away to be killed. She says that Laius was killed by robbers on his way to the oracle at Delphi at the place where three roads meet. The content of this play is that of Greek tragedy, son of Laius, king of Thebes, and his wife, Jocasta. Laius had been warned by an oracle that he was fated to be killed by his own son; he therefore abandoned Oedipus on a mountainside. The baby was rescued, however, by a shepherd and brought to the king of Corinth, who adopted him. When Oedipus is grown, he learns from the oracle that he would kill his father and marry his mother. He fled Corinth to escape this fate, believing his foster parents to be his real parents. At a crossroad Oedipus encountered Laius(his father), and killed him. He continued on to Thebes, where the Sphinx was talking and all who could not solve her riddle. Oedipus answered it correctly and so he won the widowed queen’s hand(his mother). The prophecy was fulfilled. Two sons, Polynices and Eteocles, and two daughters, Antigone and Ismene, were born to the unwittingly incestuous pair. When a plague descended on  Thebes, an oracle declared that the only way to rid the land of its illness was to expel the murderer of Laius. Through a series of painful revelations, the king learned the truth and in an agony of horror blinded himself. His daughters, Antigone and Ismene, are left in the hands of Kreon, who proves to be a true friend of Oedipus. The content of this play regarding time is that the time wasn’t very specific, but it does say that Sophocles lived from 496-406 BC. The place on the other hand is very specific, it introduces you saying: â€Å"The royal house of Thebes. Double doors dominate the facade, a stone altar stands at the center of the stage. Many years have passed since Oedipus has solved the riddle of the Sphinx and ascended the throne of Thebes, and now a plague has struck the city. A procession of priests enters†Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Sophocles, 392) I think that this introduction leads the reader into a world of curiosity. We really don’t know what is going to happen to Oedipus, all we know is there is a plague across the town that Oedipus must do something about. This leads the reader into Oedipus’ stages of innocence or ignorance, denial and finally guilt. The content in the choice of setting affects the theme because it makes this story more believable, in a time unfamiliar to us, long ago.