Comparison Of The Bet And The Necklace - 2011 Words

â€Å"The Bet† written by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1889) and â€Å"The Necklace† written by Guy de Maupassant (1884) are both stories that have a life-changing experience, also good life lessons. (â€Å"The Necklace is about a wife and a husband who have different perspective about life itself, but the wife (Madame Mathilde Loisel) ask to borrow a beautiful necklace from a friend and loses it, now she has to give the necklace back, so she and her husband (Monsieur Loisel or Madame Forestier) buys a new necklace, what will they do after that. The Bet is something of itself, there is The Banker and The Lawyer and they both are young adults that do what dumb young adults do, bet on something they will probably regret. They bet on whether death or life in†¦show more content†¦But dont worry Monsieur Loisel is a genius and suggest that she should ask her friend for jewelry because of, the rich got to have some sort of valuable jewelry, even if it a cherry ring po p will do. Madame go to her friend and ask for a piece of jewelry, she does say yes and allow her to borrow a booty, Madame doesnt like what she sees so far but one catch her eye, a necklace. She requests if that one can be borrowed, her friend says yes, now that she ready Monsieur Loisel and Madame go to the dance and have a blast, she thinks that everyone looking at her and happy how others think of her. When Monsieur and Madame leave and walk down the street, she tries to feel the necklace, but vanished! She panicked as Monsieur tried looking for it, they fail and try to think of what to do. So they think of replacing the necklace with a similar looking one, but the replica, cost 36,000 francs, same amount in U.S dollars, but cant buy up front, what do they do, paying it once in a while. The dept lasted 10 harsh years for Monsieur and Madame, they risked their lives, shot the self in the foot basically and when finished. 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Descartes and HisThoughts Regarding Dreams Vs Reality

In first mediation Descartes ponders on the idea of what is real and what is a dream; he concludes that anything thing he can doubt is false and therefor a dream. After establishing the existence of the dream world he tries to figure out who is responsible for tricking him into this false world. He ponders on the idea that God could be responsible for tricking him, but quickly disregards that assumption believing that God, who represents everything that is good, could not deceive him; and concludes that is has to be a faulty demon who is tricking him. In the second meditation he ponders on his own existence, after assuming the existence of the dream world and the evil demon trickster in the first meditation. By the end of the mediation he determines that no matter what the demon does to trick him into doubting his existence, at that moment when he thinks he knows that he exists. By the third meditation he is certain of two things first there is a dream world that is controlled by a d emon, and second he knows that he exists. In the third mediation he ponders on the existence of god; and Descartes ultimately achieves that god exists because he has this idea of a prefect being that he did not learn about or imagine so this idea of god was put in him by a superior perfect being. That brings us to the fourth meditation where Descartes tries to figure out why do we have faults and make wrong decisions, errors. By this point Descartes know a few things to be certain first he

Of custom and education Essay Example For Students

Of custom and education Essay Mens thoughts, are much according to their inclination; their discourse and speeches, according to their learning and infused opinions; but their deeds, are after as they have been accustomed. And therefore, as Machiavel well noteth though in an evil-favored instance, there is no trusting to the force of nature, nor to the bravery of words, except it be corroborate by custom. His instance is, that for the achieving of a desperate conspiracy, a man should not rest upon the fierceness of any mans nature, or his resolute undertakings; but take such an one, as hath had his hands formerly in blood. But Machiavel knew not of a Friar Clement, nor a Ravillac, nor a Jaureguy, nor a Baltazar Gerard; yet his rule holdeth still, that nature, nor the engagement of words, are not so forcible, as custom. Only superstition is now so well advanced, that men of the first blood, are as firm as butchers by occupation; and votary resolution, is made equipollent to custom, even in matter of blood. In other things, the predominancy of custom is everywhere visible; insomuch as a man would wonder, to hear men profess, protest, engage, give great words, and then do, just as they have done before; as if they were dead images, and engines moved only by the wheels of custom. We see also the reign or tyranny of custom, what it is. The Indians I mean the sect of their wise men lay themselves quietly upon a stock of wood, and so sacrifice themselves by fire. Nay, the wives strive to be burned, with the corpses of their husbands. The lads of Sparta, of ancient time, were wont to be scourged upon the altar of Diana, without so much as queching. I remember, in the beginning of Queen Elizabeths time of England, an Irish rebel condemned, put up a petition to the deputy, that he might be hanged in a withe, and not in an halter; because it had been so used, with former rebels. There be monks in Russia, for penance, that will sit a whole night in a vessel of water, till they be engaged with hard ice. Many examples may be put of the force of custom, both upon mind and body. Therefore, since custom is the principal magistrate of mans life, let men by all means endeavor, to obtain good customs. Certainly custom is most perfect, when it beginneth in young years: this we call education; which is, in effect, but an early custom. So we see, in languages, the tongue is more pliant to all expressions and sounds, the joints are more supple, to all feats of activity and motions, in youth than afterwards. For it is true, that late learners cannot so well take the ply; except it be in some minds that have not suffered themselves to fix, but have kept themselves open, and prepared to receive continual amendment, which is exceeding rare. But if the force of custom simple and separate, be great, the force of custom copulate and conjoined and collegiate, is far greater. For there example teacheth, company comforteth, emulation quickeneth, glory raiseth: so as in such places the force of custom is in his exaltation. Certainly the great multiplication of virtues upon human nature, resteth uponsocieties well ordained and disciplined. For commonwealths, and good governments, do nourish virtue grown, but do not much mend the deeds. But the misery is, that the most effectual means, are now applied to the ends, least to be desired.

Music In Education Essays (868 words) - Human Communication

Music In Education MUSIC IS EDUCATION THESIS STATEMENT Music in education is essential to our children because it increases their listening skills and is a common method of communication for cultures worldwide. Music is Education There are schools attempting to eliminate teaching musical arts to our children. The board of education claims they must provide education by concentrating on the basic academic courses, but what they don't realize is that music is a major part of basic education. We must not allow them to pull the teaching of music out of our school curriculums because music is an essential form of communication. Our children do not have to be fluent in the arts to receive the value of broad exposure to the different musical dialogues. Deprivation of a very valuable part of education occurs if we do not teach them to appreciate a wide variety of music. Metaphorically speaking, we often associate the terms language and grammar with the term music. This association leads us to believe that music is a form of language, possibly because no symbol system other than language has the same potential as music of infinite productivity and precision. It takes a multitude of directions and phonetic-type symbolism to produce a pleasant sounding musical composition. This relates very closely to the requirements of everyday language. The primary objective of any spoken language is to convey a person's thoughts in a comprehensible fashion, but we must remember that everyone thinks and comprehends everything differently. Musical language contains vast quantities of words to help people understand how original composers intended to play a specific piece. Musical language also has directions that allow and encourage some scope of original interpretation and minor departures from the written score, resulting in no two performances sounding exactly alike. The English language, as we know it, carries a very strong parallel to these same interpretable words. Dialect and slang are just two of the many connotative forms to speak different languages. All languages contain these variations and reinforce the need for striving toward understanding a basically generic language. It would be very difficult to speak to a non-English speaking person and clearly convey a message unless both persons were familiar with basic terminology. It would be just as unlikely to communicate a musical message to someone not educated or interested in musical interpretation. The term music in itself has many different connotations. One in the United States may not have the same perceptions as one whose origin is France or Australia, or elsewhere in the world. In my travels through Europe and South America I had a hard time finding any truly original, locally produced music. The majority of the music I searched through were also popular in the United States. It was very easy to find foreigners singing an American song using their interpretation of our language. The entire world seems to be able to communicate with music and seems to understand it enough to share their own musical interpretation. Music is a language of it's own and depending on how we speak it, it too can accomplish a multitude of results. People are no more able to understand a foreign language without education than they are to understand the unspoken language of music without proper musical education. A single score of music interpreted with a few of many available musical directions can tell as many stories as there are variations. For example, playing Cristofori's Dream by David Lanz entirely lento-pianisimo (slow and very soft), creates a very peaceful and tranquil mood. Played again allegro-forte (lively, brisk, and loud), emits an uplifting feeling. Yet, by using both interpretations progressively and regressively within this identical musical score, one could feel depleted and elated in the same timeframe. This is perhaps the most ascribable reason to pursue a knowledge of musical semantics. Within music one expresses many emotions, speaks many languages, conveys complex messages, and ! tells many stories. Music can be a selfish form of conversation and it is not always necessary to have a recipient to convey a message. One has only to listen while playing music to communicate with themselves, yet most would suspect the stability of a person who attempted this scenario by simply talking and responding while alone. Music merges the

This Means That THST 1200 Essays - Color, Minerals, Mythology

October 10th, 2018 Santiago Arango Professor Lipton This Means That I see in this photo of a 2018 Tide Commercial a beach with sand, bushes and a palm tree to the right side. A photoshopped elongated white horse that is carrying a white man and a black man. The White man is Stranger Things Actor David Harbour and the black man is Old Spice actor Isaiah Mustafa. Both men are wearing white pants. They also both have a striped blue and white shirt around their necks. The white man is wearing a white shirt while the black man is shirtless. They both are striking the same pose with their one hand on their hips. The black man is holding a tide bottle that and there are diamonds coming out of his hand that has the tide bottle. I think it's not coincidental that there is an over-representation of white in the image. I think what it means to our culture is that there is an over-representation of the white majority in power. There is also the possibility that it's just easier to show no stains on white than it is on other colours of clothing but that doesn't explain why they also used a white horse instead of a different colour horse. The horse being the most important part in the image because it is what is keeping up both men held up is exceptionally long to make more room for both men to be seated on. However, the deeper meaning behind it is showing that they are trying to separate the white man and the black man from further away from each other. You can easily fit 2 men on a normal sized horse they would just have to be closer to each other. Yet they took the effort and time to photoshop the horse longer to separate both black and white men. This means that the white horse representing what is in power s ince it is what is keeping them both up is trying to separate them. Whether they chose to do this intentionally or at a subconscious level clearly shows the rift between the different groups of people. This says a lot about our culture today. The images being shown are subtly suggesting separation from each other. Something else that that has a deeper meaning behind it is the fact that the white man is wearing a white shirt where the black man doesn't. Why does the white man have a shirt on? Why does the black man have no white shirt on? Despite both men being dressed to almost exact similarities, they make a clear difference to show how different they look, and they decided to give the black man less clothing to wear. The meaning is that they are making the black man appear less fortunate as he does not have a shirt. And finally, the last thing that has meaning to our culture is that the diamonds coming out of the tide bottle is symbolizing that tide is as precious as diamonds and is suggesting that if you buy it, its equivalent to having an expensive diamond. They use expensive rocks to add a subliminal expense to the product they are trying to sell. This is showing how much consumerism is in our culture. What this image in general means specifically to me and how it relates to me is that there is predominantly white businessmen trying to sell me a product. It bothers me how much they are trying to overvalue their product as if a way to ensure their sales. Yes, there is an over-representation of whiteness but there is nothing that I can do at an individual level to change that. I also don't feel a need or want to change that. I'm not a white person but I don't mind the over-representation that is in our culture or in the image because even if the there was an equal representation of colour in our culture or the image the heart of the matter stays the same. Consumerism they are trying to sell a product through any means that they can. Making the diamonds appear out of the tide bottle to suggest it is as

Tragedy in Dantes Comedy essay

Tragedy in Dantes Comedy essay Tragedy in Dantes Comedy essay Tragedy in Dantes Comedy essayThe mysterious and tragic events, the readers are fond of in Dante’s works, seem to have their roots in his personal life. He was born in Italy, in 1265 the period of serious political transformations in the country. At the age of 20, Dante had to marry a woman, which his family had chosen for him. It was a personal tragedy for the author, who was at that moment in love with another woman Beatrice. Her past, her roots and finally her sudden death are bearing a cover of mystery and melancholy, which the readers are able to sense, when reading one of his most famous works The Comedy. The writing of The Comedy coincided with deep political crisis in Italy, developed on the basis of confrontation between state and church authorities, along with personal love anguish of the author. The two major characters of The Comedy Beatrice and Virgil are in a way similar – as serving the guides for the author, at the same time the directions, they are go ing, are not the same: Beatrice is taking Dante to Heaven, reflecting his spirituality and morality, whereas Virgil – is his wise mentor and supporter in Hell, symbolizing his common sense and reason.Inferno, being the first part of The Comedy, is considered to be a virtuous political allegory, the outstanding exercise of intellect, breakthrough in the development of language and literature of the medieval times. The Comedy was written in Italian language, this played a vitally important role for expressing the Dante’s attitude towards political situation in the country, he used to live in. All the previous works he wrote in Latin, which was the language of the Roman Empire and the Catholic Church. The name of the poem was another allegory, because there was no intention either to make it humorous or to entertain reader with happy end, rather to penetrate into a classical tragedy with its intriguing beginning and tragic end.On his way through the afterlife, Dante meets a lot of characters, all of them have their stories and appeal to the deepest emotions of the readers, However the key figures in the whole poem remain Virgil, or better to say Virgil’s ghost and Beatrice. These two characters play different roles in the afterlife travel of the author. Most critics agree that Virgil is the presentation of human reason, which protects and guides any person throughout his life. In Inferno Virgil is the only character, who is constantly very close to Dante, who is protecting him from monsters and demons, who is wise and resolute as any mentor should be. Dante trusts him and listens to him. At the moment of their meeting, he says to Virgil: O light and honor of all other poets, may my long study and the intense love that made me search your volume serve me now.   You are my master and my author, you-the only one from whom my writing drew the noble style for which I have been honored.† (Alighieri 13). He derives his moral strength in Virg il’s support, learns his moral lessons. Dante is not that impartial as Virgil, as he often feels sympathy towards the sinners, they meet on their way in Inferno. Here Virgil’s impatience contributes to his presentation as a human being, instead of ghost, as such emotions can only be inherent to an individual. However general attitude of the author is rather dual, because along with this admiration of Virgil’s wisdom, Dante often underlines his poetic weakness as a classical bard. Thus, if Virgil is seen by the author on the one hand as wise mentor and on the other hand as a poetic competitor, Beatrice is Dante’s inspiration. Real relationship with Beatrice is mysterious and the only fact, which is evident nowadays, is the passion and desire, Dante felt towards his muse. There are no evidences if his love was answered by Beatrice, but in The Comedy, she is the one, who initiated this journey, because she loved him and was concerned about the path he chose. She has to leave her place in Heaven and go to Hell, to guide Dante. Actually the role of the Beatrice is not so prominent in Inferno, as it becomes further, when she takes the leading role instead of Virgil and shows Dante the way to Heaven. The same like Virgil at some moments, managed to become a strong supporter for the author, Beatrice is also a kind of light at the end of the tunnel when Dante believes, that he can not go any further, he only has to think of his love to Beatrice and meeting with her is the strongest motivation for him. From the way, Beatrice is presented in the poem, from her role in it, we can assume, that she is the reflection of spiritual love, as it was seen by the author, the strongest and the most gentle feeling a human is able to experience in his life.  During his whole life Dante Alighieri was surrounded by moral, ethical, philosophical political problems, the solution for which he was so much eager to find. All the historical and political events , he had witnessed, had deep impact upon formation of his ideals and conceptions. Looking for the answers for the most burning questions, he was creating his famous works, which attract readers till nowadays. The brightest characters, which he managed to create, penetrate the readers into his world of pure love, literary and philosophical wanderings: Virgil, being his mentor and competitor and Beatrice – his spiritual love and muse.

The story of stuff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The story of stuff - Essay Example In order to shock the reader into realizing the severity of the problems, the author has interspersed her discussion with some rather startling facts. For example she rightly says that the Government has failed in its responsibility to provide safety and security for its citizens. She maintains that out of the world’s 100 largest economies, 51 percent are corporations and 49 percent are countries. This fact has been stated by Sarah Anderson and John Cavanagh in their report entitled ‘Top 200: The Rise of the Corporate Global Power’ in which they compared the size and power of international corporate entities to the Governments of nations. What hope can Governments and people then have to save themselves from the caprices of corporations? In fact instances of Government lobbying on the part of corporations and their donations are so common that many people have simply given up thinking in the power of Government to reform society according to idealistic principles. That is why you see a low turnout on any election day. Leonard also maintains that in the last three decades, we have used up as much as one-third of the Earth’s resources (Hawkins, Lovins & Lovins, 4).

Lidership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lidership - Essay Example Please note that your final product will remain on file at WGU. Domain: Graduate-Level Business Core Leadership Subdomain Subdomain 315.1 - Leadership (s0265) Competency 315.1.4: Team Development and Leadership The student understands the process of team development and leadership. Objective 315.1.4-02 Describe how groups evolve into teams. 315.1.4-04 Describe how to build trust among team members. 315.1.5-02 Describe the common management mistakes that lead to team failure. 315.1.5- 03 Describe the common problems for team members that lead to team failure. 315.1.5- 05 Select the type of team (advice, production, project, action) that is appropriate for a given situation. 315.1.5- 06 Justify the selection of a particular type of team (advice, production, project, action) for a given situation. Assignment Instructions Given: Case: Jeanne Lewis at Staples Inc. (A) (Abridged) Write an essay (5-7 pages) analyzing team building and team leadership as it relates to the Jeanne Lewis case. A. There were a number of teams that evolved at Staples. 1. Identify one example of the evolution of a team at Staples 2. Describe three (3) elements that were present and necessary for the evolution of that team. B. Describe the development of trust within one of those teams by using at least three (3) guidelines for building trust among team members. C. There are a number of management mistakes that can lead to team failure in an organization. 1. Identify at least four (4) common management mistakes that lead to team to failure; and, 2. Explain whether any of those mistakes occurred in Lewis's marketing team, using an example to support your explanation. D. There are a number of common... A major element that influenced the effective functioning of this core team can be designated under Bartolomà ©'s number one guideline for building and maintaining trust--communication. According to Professor Bartolomà ©, one needs to "Keep team members and subordinates informed by explaining policies and decisions and providing accurate feedback". Looking at Staples background, one sees that according to Suesse, "they [the founder's core team] hashed out virtually every decision together, early on developing the discipline to back up their intuitions with hard data". Other important guidelines for building trust among team members include support, respect, fairness, predictability and competence. One can see respect in the shared decision-making authority within this team, fairness in their willingness to "hash out" important decisions as equals, instead of a timeframe getting imposed from above, and competence in each member's consummate professionalism. One mistake that Lewis ma de with her transition to the marketing merger team fall under category number two: failed to build group cohesion and trust. This is often a problem when a manager makes a lateral transition into a new department.

Social Studies Sba Outline Essay Example for Free

Social Studies Sba Outline Essay Introduction to CSEC S.B.A. Geographic fieldwork is about the application of geographic concepts and ideas in the investigation of a problem or issue. Instead of gathering information from books, we gather information about the world around from the environment. Geographers first identify an area for research. They ask geographic questions about the issues that have been identified and form hypotheses.. They then conduct a systematic collection of data to test the hypothesis. This is done through the systematic collection of field data through observations, collecting samples, interviews or surveys. The collected information will be analysed and presented in a field report. The Purpose of the School Based Assessment The School Based Assessment (SBA) will help you to understand how geographers build the knowledge that they present to us in textbooks and other publications. In this part of the course you must rely on the information, concepts and understandings that you have collected during your study of Geography. You are expected to design a simple study, collect and present information that is relevant and arrive at a conclusion about your study, using no more than 1500 words in total. Contents of a Geography SBA The Aim (or Aims) of the study ? Methodology Analysis and discussion Location maps Conclusion Bibliography Appendix There is a particular order in which the report must be done for presentation. This is as follows: 1. Title page 2. Strategy sheet 3. Table of contents 4. Location map(s) 5. Aim of the study 6. Method of data collection 7. Presentation of data 8. Conclusion 9. Bibliography 10. Appendix Mark Scheme (1) Table of Contents Details properly sequenced with correct page number 1 MARK (2) Aim of the Study At least ONE aim clearly stated as a direct or implicit question. 2 MARKS Aim is geographical and based on the Syllabus Aim allows collection of primary data. (3) Location of the Study At least two sketch maps: 4 MARKS ONE of the site (showing immediate environs), and ONE (usually of territory) showing its location in relation to other features (for example, roads, rivers, settlements within the parish or region or district); BOTH maps accurately drawn and properly labelled. Between the two maps: (Indication of scale, directional arrow, key or labels, title (1 mark each to maximum 4 marks) (4) Methodology A clear statement on HOW data were collected and an example of the instrument used or a brief outline of how observations were made and tests done. 2 MARKS EITHER A clear statement on HOW the data were collected. 1 MARK OR Little or no mention of HOW the data were collected, but an example of the instrument used is included. 1 MARK (5) Presentation of Data Illustrations: variety, for example, graphs, tables, labelled photographs (at least three illustrations to be used). These should be generated from field observation and tested by candidates and not copied from secondary sources (that is, they should be the candidates’ original work). 4 MARKS Accurate, appropriate, neat, fully labelled, and titled (Excellent presentation) (6) Quality of Data and Illustrations Accurate, appropriate and relevant 4 MARKS (7) Analysis of Data and Discussion of Findings Very well organized, coherent, points well developed, well sequenced and supported by comprehensive data (Excellent) 7 8 MARKS Integration of Illustrations Well integrated discussed and distributed (placed) 2 MARKS (8) Conclusion Is related to the purpose of the study, and provides an appropriate summary and conclusion consistent with the data obtained; may include assessment of methodology. 5 6 MARKS (9) Communication of Information No grammatical errors or flaws (2) and extensive use of appropriate geographical terms (2) 4 MARKS (10) Bibliography Alphabetical order by author with title, publisher, place and date with relevant and up-to-date references 1 MARK (11) Penalty for Exceeding Word Limit (Where the word length exceeds 1650 words, 10% of the candidate’s earned score is deducted.) 4 MARKS Create a free website with

Malaysian construction industry system

Malaysian construction industry system INTRODUCTION The Malaysian construction industry is undergoing a transitional change from an industry employing conventional technology to a more systematic and mechanized system. This new system is now known as the Industrialized Building System (IBS). This new method of construction can increase productivity and quality of work through the use of better construction machinery, equipment, materials and extensive pre-project planning. This study becomes very necessary since there is yet no organized body, which can provide the necessary information on the building cost comparison between the conventional system and industrialized building system in Malaysias construction industry. This study also addresses the building cost comparison of the conventional system and industrialized building system of formwork system. It provides the details building cost between the conventional system and the formwork system and indicates which of the two is cheaper. The data were collected through questionnaire s urvey and case study, which consisting of institutional buildings. Through the statistical testt-test it is shown that there is a significant difference in cost saving for the conventional system as compared to the formwork system (industrialized building system). The Malaysian construction industry is undergoing a transitional change from an industry employing conventional technologies to a more systematic and mechanized system employing the latest computer and communication technologies. This is vital for the future health of the industry, given the trend towards global competition and the advent of the k-economy. The Industrialized Building System (IBS) has been introduced in Malaysia since the 60s by the use of precast concrete beam-column elements. Since the demand of building construction has increased rapidly, it is necessary to innovate a construction method, which speeds up the building construction process. To sum-up, in general, the IBS is a methodology whereby a local construction industry is driven towards the adoption of an integrated and encouraging key players in the construction industry to produce and utilize pre-fabricated and mass production of the building at their work sites. This will help to enhance the efficiency of construction process, allowing a higher productivity, and quality, time and cost saving. The construction cost of a building using precast components should be assessed in its overall context. The traditional method of costing by material quantities with a fixed factor for labor cost can lead to incorrect estimation. For example, if labor usage is halved, this will more than compensate for a 10% material increase. More importantly, there is saving in time. Also, if properly designed and executed, precast can lead to much better quality of work. The overall cost impact of precast has therefore to take all these factors into consideration. With the rising costs of labor and less assurance of dependable skilled manpower, the trend is that precast construction will become increasingly competitive compared to cast-in-place construction? PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Introduction Every construction material system has its own characteristics which to a greater or less extend influence the layout, span length, construction depth, stability system, etc. This is also the case for precast concrete, not only in comparison to steel, wood, masonry structures, but also with respect to cast in-situ concrete. Theoretically, all joints between the precast units could be made in such a way that the completed precast structure has the same monolithic concept as a in-situ one. However, this is a wrong approach one, which is very labour intensive costly. If the full advantages of precast concrete are to be realized, the structure should be conceived according to its specific design philosophy: Long spans, appropriate stability concept, simple details, etc. Designers should from the very outset of the project consider the possibilities, restrictions advantages of precast concrete, its detailing, manufacturer, transport, erection serviceability stages before completing a design in precast concrete. Precast concrete system enables faster programmed times not affected by weather or labour shortages. Improves buildability early enclosure of dry envelope enables follow-on trades to start sooner. Produces a high standard of workmanship in factory conditions reduces potential for accidents, addresses on-site skill shortage. Has a high quality finish that can be left exposed concretes thermal properties can be exploited in low-energy buildings. PRIMARY FUNCTIONS Keep water out Prevent air leakage Control light Control radiation of heat Control conduction of heat Control sound SECONDARY FUNCTIONS Resist wind forces Control water vapor Adjust to movement Thermal and moisture expansion or contraction Structural movements Resist fire Weather gracefully Easy to install Architectural precast concrete provides architects with an exciting medium when designing facades for a wide range of buildings, from healthcare facilities to shopping malls, commercial office buildings to sports stadiums. Precast concrete provides: Complete thermal protection Continuous air/vapour barrier Effective rain screens Superior lifespan Reduced construction schedule and on-site labour High quality control standards Numerous finish options and colours CATEGORIES OF PRECAST BUILDING SYSTEMS Precast buildings constitute a significant fraction of the building stock in the republics of the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. Depending on the load-bearing structure, precast systems can be divided into the following categories: Large-panel systems Frame systems Slab-column systems with walls Precast concrete floor Large-Panel Systems The designation â€Å"large-panel system† refers to multistory structures composed of large wall and floor concrete panels connected in the vertical and horizontal directions so that the wall panels enclose appropriate spaces for the rooms within a building. These panels form a box-like structure (see Figure 1). Both vertical and horizontal panels resist gravity load. Wall panels are usually one story high. Horizontal floor and roof panels span either as one-way or two-way slabs. When properly joined together, these horizontal elements act as diaphragms that transfer the lateral loads to the walls. Depending on the wall layout, there are three basic configurations of large-panel buildings: Cross-wall system. The main walls that resist gravity and lateral loads are placed in the short direction of the building. Longitudinal-wall system. The walls resisting gravity and lateral loads are placed in the longitudinal direction; usually, there is only one longitudinal wall, except for the system with two longitudinal walls. Two-way system. The walls are placed in both directions. Thickness of wall panels ranges from 120 mm for interior walls to 300 mm for exterior walls. Floor panel thickness is 60 mm. Wall panel length is equal to the room length, typically on the order of 2.7m to 3.6 m. In some cases, there are no exterior wall panels and the faà §ade walls are made of lightweight concrete. A typical interior wall panel is shown in Figure 2. Panel connections represent the key structural components in these systems. Based on their location within a building, these connections can be classified into vertical and horizontal joints. Vertical joints connect the vertical faces of adjoining wall panels and primarily resist vertical seismic shear forces. Horizontal joints connect the horizontal faces of the adjoining wall and floor panels and resist both gravity and seismic loads. Depending on the construction method, these joints can be classified as wet and dry. Wet joints are constructed with cast-in-place concrete poured between the precast panels. To ensure structural continuity, protruding reinforcing bars from the panels (dowels) are welded, looped, or otherwise connected in the joint region before the concrete is placed. Dry joints are constructed by bolting or welding together steel plates or other steel inserts cast into the ends of the precast panels for this purpose. Wet joints more closely approximate cast-in-place construction, whereas the force transfer in structures with dry joints is accomplished at discrete points. Frame Systems Precast frames can be constructed using either linear elements or spatial beam-column subassemblages. Precast beam-column subassemblages have the advantage that the connecting faces between the subassemblages can be placed away from the critical frame regions; however, linear elements are generally preferred because of the difficulties associated with forming, handling, and erecting spatial elements. The use of linear elements generally means placing the connecting faces at the beam-column junctions. The beams can be seated on corbels at the columns, for ease of construction and to aid the shear transfer from the beam to the column. The beam-column joints accomplished in this way are hinged. However, rigid beam-column connections are used in some cases, when the continuity of longitudinal reinforcement through the beam-column joint needs to be ensured. The load-bearing structure consists of a precast reinforced concrete space frame and precast floor slabs. The space frame is construc ted using two main modular elements: a cruciform element and a linear beam element. The cruciform element consists of the transverse frame joint with half of the adjacent beam and column lengths. The longitudinal frames are constructed by installing the precast beam elements in between the transverse frame joints. The precast elements are joined by welding the projected reinforcement bars (dowels) and casting the concrete in place. Slab-Column Systems with Shear Walls These systems rely on shear walls to sustain lateral load effects, whereas the slab-column structure resists mainly gravity loads. There are two main systems in this category: Lift-slab system with walls Prestressed slab-column system Precast columns are usually two stories high. All precast structural elements are assembled by means of special joints. Reinforced concrete slabs are poured on the ground in forms, one on top of the other. Precast concrete floor slabs are lifted from the ground up to the final height by lifting cranes. The slab panels are lifted to the top of the column and then moved downwards to the final position. Temporary supports are used to keep the slabs in the position until the connection with the columns has been achieved. In the connections, the steel bars (dowels) that project from the edges of the slabs are welded to the dowels of the adjacent components and transverse reinforcement bars are installed in place. The connections are then filled with concrete that is poured at the site. Most buildings of this type have some kind of lateral load-resisting elements, mainly consisting of cast-in-place or precast shear walls, etc. In case lateral load-resisting elements (shear walls, etc.) are not present, the lateral load path depends on the ability of the slab-column connections to transfer bending moments. When the connections have been poorly constructed, this is not possible, and the lateral load path may be incomplete. Another type of precast system is a slab-column system that uses horizontal prestressing in two orthogonal directions to achieve continuity. The precast concrete column elements are 1 to 3 stories high. The reinforced concrete floor slabs fit the clear span between columns. After erecting the slabs and columns of a story, the columns and floor slabs are prestressed by means of prestressing tendons that pass through ducts in the columns at the floor level and along the gaps left between adjacent slabs. After prestressing, the gaps between the slabs are filled with in situ concrete and the tendons then become bonded with the spans. Seismic loads are resisted mainly by the shear walls (precast or cast-in-place) positioned between the columns at appropri ate locations. Precast concrete Floor The principle advantages of precast floors are speed of construction, absence of scaffolding, large variety of types, large span capacity, economy. Precast floors can also be classified according to their manufacture into totally partially precast floors. Totally precast floors are composed of units, which are totally cast at the plant. After erection, the units are connected to the structure the longitudinal joints are grouted. In some cases a cast in-situ structural topping screed is added. Partially precast floors are composed of a precast part a cast in-situ part. Both parts are working together at the final stage to achieve the composite structural capacity. The main totally precast floor roof types are described hereafter. CONVENTIONAL IN-SITU CONSTRUCTION Conventional Construction Method Conventional construction encompasses traditional forms of structural load-bearing elements; typically composed of concrete, brickwork and structural steel. We are well-versed in all forms of conventional construction and have substantial in-house capacity. The majority of our commercial and unique residential products to date have utilized conventional methods of construction. A number of designers that we have worked with tend to express the structural elements of the construction, from exposed beams, cantilevered slabs and stairs, to exposed structural steelwork. This requires a high degree of accuracy as well as a high level of workmanship; both of which are easily attained using our in-house skills. Conventional building method is defined as components of the building that are pre-fabricated on site through the processes or timber or plywood formwork installation, steel reinforcement and cast in-situ. Conventional buildings are, mostly built of reinforced concrete frames. The tr aditional construction method uses wooden formwork. It is much more costly for construction, which includes labor, raw material, transportation and low speed of construction time. Cast-in-situ Construction Method This system is suitable for a country where unskilled labor is limited. There is no heavy machinery or high technology involved. The system is technically applicable to almost all types of building. Formwork is used as a mould, where wet concrete, is poured into a temporary system. The temporary system also acts as a temporary support for the structures. The objective of in-situ method is to eliminate and to reduce the traditional site based trades like traditional timber formwork, brickwork, and plastering and to reduce labor content. A carefully planned in-situ work can maximize the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. Cast in-situ method uses lightweight prefabricated formwork made of steel/fiberglass/aluminum that is easily erected and dismantled. The steel reinforcement is placed within the formwork as they are being erected and concrete is poured into the mould. When the concrete is set according to the required strength the mould is dismantled. The w orkers can be trained easily to erect the moulds and set the steel reinforcement. Its advantages over the traditional construction method are, its low skill requirement, can be quickly constructed, maintenance is low, structure is durable and cost can be less. In-situ method is to eliminate and reduce the traditional site based trades like traditional timber formwork, brickwork, plastering and to reduce labor content. Carefully planned in-situ work can maximize the productivity, speed and accuracy of prefabricated construction. The formwork system is based on the combination of pre-fabrication and in-situ conventional construction, which features the utilization of permanent concrete for elements instead of conventional timber formwork. Differences Between In situ and Precast Construction Method Labour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Precast construction method only use semi-skilled workers and dont use skill or unskilled- worker in construction process. Economies are generated through reduced requirements for formwork, access scaffolding and less reliance on wet trades. Reduced on-site supervision by the main contractor is also a saving. So for precast construction method, labours are not use 100 percent for making formwork, access scaffolding, and handle wet concrete. Due to speed of construction, gives earlier return on investment, freeing up the project critical path and allowing earlier completion. It is estimated that a precast structure takes up to 20% less time to construct than a similar cast in situ structure, using labour can be late because of rest time and energy of a labour. For quality and accuracy, precast construction methods will more quality n accuracy than in situ. This ensures that reinforcement bars are accurately located and that clients receive high quality products man ufactured to controlled dimensional tolerances. Precast method delivers a high performance product with a quality appearance. Have a high quality finish that can be left exposed concretes thermal properties can be exploited in low-energy buildings because all of the equipment are made up in factory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In situ construction method use skilled worker, semi-skilled worker, and un-skilled worker in construction process. Labour can amenable to almost any design and labour can alteration the design in last minute construction process. Design can proceed as the structure is built because labour takes a time to build. Construction can proceed independently of weather conditions because workers still can proceed the work even though whether are not good. Construction process is easily used for two way structural systems because labour used two ways structural system in construction process. It is not necessary to pay for crane on site because of labour can take instead of crane functions. Wastage Environmental and manufacturing conditions at a precast concrete plant are easily monitored. The production of precast concrete elements takes place under controlled conditions in enclosed factories. This makes the control of manufacturing, waste, emissions, noise levels, etc. easy compared with the same processes at a building site. The raw material consumption is similar for similar qualities of concrete, whether the production takes place in a factory, at a ready-mix plant or at a building site. The raw material waste in precast concrete production is very small. The process of preparing mild steel reinforcement may be the same for a precaster as for a contractor at a building site, except that precasters will usually have less waste. This results in better utilization of the steel and less consumption of natural resources. Surplus materials are generated during the production of precast elements. Much surplus material is recyclable, and consists mainly of hardened concrete with or without reinforcement, steel reinforcement and pieces of structural steel, plywood and other wooden materials, fresh concrete (from production and washing of equipment), slurry from the sawing of concrete, insulating materials (mineral wool and polystyrene), oil etc. from machinery and paper and other packaging materials. The amount of surplus material varies between factories and different types of production. Studies in the Scandinavian countries have shown that the magnitude is typically about 100 kg of surplus material per m3 of concrete produced. About 40% of the surplus material is fresh and hardened concrete and about 45% is wastewater from washing equipment and sawing slurry generated during hollow core slab production. It is possible to collect and sort different types of surplus materials in precast plants. Excess materials that can be recycled and reused include steel, wood, insulating materials, oil, paper and other packaging materials. Wood can be sorted out, cut and used as industrial firewood, or used for other construction purposes. Buildings are constructed with traditional cast in-situ concrete, using timber formworks. Building that timber formwork was the major contributor to construction waste, accounting for 30% of the total identified waste. Wet trades, such as concreting, masonry, plastering and tiling on-site were considered as the second major waste generator, accounting for 20% of the total on-site waste generated. A recent study demonstrated that the ‘off-cuts from cutting materials were a major cause of wastage during construction. Waste also arises as a result of design concepts and decisions. Case studies in Sri Lanka In the construction industry, it is well known that there is a relatively large volume of material being wasted due to a variety of reasons. The problem of material waste on construction sites is not an isolated issue and is of environmental concern. Therefore, waste minimization has become an important issue in the construction industry. The aim of this research was mainly to identify the pre-cast contribution to the construction waste minimization in the Sri Lankan construction industry, through a comparison of material waste arising from pre-cast, ready-mixed and site-mixed concrete. Data were collected from 27 building construction projects and three concrete elements: slabs, beams, and columns, were considered to quantify construction waste. To compare the wastage due to pre-cast involvement with other types, three categories of building projects were used, including projects using pre-cast concrete elements, in situ concrete elements site mix, and in- situ concrete elements ready mix. The data for the study were collected from 27 multi-storey housing constructions projects, of which, seven projects used pre-cast construction and 20 projects used in situ construction. The wastage was compared between the basic materials used for three types of concrete elements are columns, beams and slabs. In this study, material wastage includes waste arising from manufacturing process at the factory level to the site level. For instance, material waste of pre-cast and ready-mixed concrete were quantified considering the waste arising from manufacturing process at factory level to usage at construction site. However, it was identified that waste during the transportation of ready-mix concrete and pre-cast elements is negligible. Further, waste of pre-cast elements at the site level was also noted as almost zero and, hence only the factory level waste was considered for the analysis. Techniques of material reconciliation were used to analyse the waste of ready-mix concrete and pre -cast elements at the site level, while work studies were used to quantify the waste of site-mixed concrete at the site level and wastage of ready-mix concrete and pre-cast concrete at the factory level. Pre-cast concrete waste The mean wastages of cement, sand and metal amounted to 5.34 per cent, 13.86 per cent and 7.62 per cent respectively showing the lower values compared with the material wastages in the other two situations (Table III). Further, it was shown that there is a noticeable difference in the generation of material waste between pre-casts and in situ (Figures 1 and 2). The main reason behind this may be due to the negligible wastes arisen during transportation and installation at the site. The pre-cast concrete elements transported to the site were stored unit wise by during transportation had been minimized and identified as zero. Since pre-cast elements were supplied according to the required length, waste arising during installation of elements was at a minimum level and waste occurring due to over ordering of materials was also eliminated. Further, the pre-cast elements were produced at factories under proper supervision using steel moulds which can be formed of different sizes. Therefor e, the wastage of materials during manufacturing also reduced to a considerable amount. Site-mixed concrete waste In site-mix concrete, the mean wastages of cement, sand and metal amounted to 14.39 per cent, 25.70 per cent and 16.11 per cent respectively showing higher values compared with the material wastages in other situations (Table III). This large quantity of wastage was identified due to the lack of supervision, inaccurate mixing methods, inappropriate type of equipment used, poor storage of materials and poor quality workmanship and this led to higher waste of materials in ways of excess cement being used to accelerate the curing process, excess concrete being used due to the breaking of form work, higher waste in transit and handling of metal and sand and excess concrete being used in uneven surfaces (e.g. attached concrete column). Ready-mixed concrete waste The mean wastages of cement, sand and metal amounted to 6.61 per cent, 22.31 per cent and 13.01 per cent respectively showing the higher values than material wastages of pre-cast concrete and lower values than material wastages of site-mixed concrete (Table II). Although there was lower wastage at the factory level, the overall wastage of ready-mixed concrete showed higher values. The main reason behind this is the excess ordering of materials, large quantity of concrete remains in pump car and pump pipe and poor quality workmanship at the site level such as breaking of formwork. Case studies in Hong Kong The questionnaire survey revealed that the construction activities were closely related to the amount of waste generated. Timber formwork is the major contributor to construction waste. The wet trades associated with finishing work such as screeding, plastering and tile laying are identified as the second major set of waste generation processes in the construction of buildings. Concrete work and masonry work are the next most significant groups. Site activities need to be emphasised in order to reduce building waste. In general, it was estimated that about 5-10 per cent of materials ended up as waste on building sites. Pecaform foundation formwork is made by laminating a layer of polyethylene to each side of a high tensile steel wire mesh. This combination creates a material that is both light and structurally strong, making it very easy to handle. It can be used for constructing ground beams, pile caps, footings, curved structures, ribbed and waffle slabs. The formwork is cut-to-size and bent to shape at a factory and arrives at site ready for installation. There is no need to strip the formwork after the concrete has cured. Very little waste is produced. A clean and neat site can be obtained in the foundation stage. Large panel formwork compared with traditional timber formwork, metal panel system formwork has several advantages. The use of large panel formwork can save time and labour in erecting, striking and re-erecting the formwork as the panel is handled as one unit. It can also produce a concrete surface much neater than conventional timber formwork and the surface essentially needs no additional applied finishes for levelling. So far, steel is the most popular material used for the formwork and the reusability of steel formwork can be as high as 100 times, and therefore much formwork waste is reduced. On-site waste audit also indicated that large panel formwork was effective in reducing concrete waste generated by loss in concreting and broken formwork, which usually accounts for about 30 per cent of the total concrete waste Prefabricated steel reinforcement system is tailor-made in plants where steel bars are mechanically cut, bent and fabricated. The completed systems are then transported to the sites for use. During the manufacturing process, the steel bars are cut and bent in a more systematic and accurate manner so that the wastage is kept to a minimum. Precast cladding is a new construction method for tiling works in the corridors of public housing projects in Hong Kong. The cladding panels are manufactured in the precast factory. The production processes are: place wall tiles onto the steel mould face down, pour lightweight concrete onto the back of the tiles, and demould after hardening. The tiles are thus cast integrally with the lightweight concrete and no traditional tile fixing by cement mortar or adhesive is required. At the construction site, the positions for holding brackets will be set out, and cladding panels levelled and fixed. The advantages of precast cladding panels are: reduced requirements on skilled labour with better end product quality, less wastage of raw materials and waste generation as wet trades on site such as plastering and tiling are eliminated, flexible time control as no setting and curing time are needed on site, and a cleaner and safer working environment. Machinery sprayed plaster was originally used in civil engineering applications. It now replaces the traditional cement mortar in some building projects. The major difference between the mechanised plaster and the traditional cement mortar is that the former is mixed and applied by means of a mechanised operation whilst the latter is applied and trowelled smooth by hand. The use of machinery sprayed plaster has the benefits of high productivity, low labour demand and less waste. Precast bathroom is an innovative feature in the construction of public housing. The wall, floor and ceiling of the bathroom are prefabricated with concrete as a whole unit and finished with tiles in the factory. PVC sleeves are also left in the structure for the future fixing of drainpipes. It is then transported to the site and installed into the final position of the building structure with the help of a crane. The only work required on site is to install the sanitary fittings, connect plumbing and electricity wiring to the building mains. Wet trades are avoided on site and this reduces material damages and wastage. Pre-cast external wall panels. Traditionally, external wall panels in high-rise residential buildings have been constructed in-situ with concrete panels finished with mosaic tiles. Pre-casting external wall panels enables panels to be pre-finished with the mosaic tiles attached together with windows and louvres installed. Building services provision can also be included. The finishes are fixed in the factory, production is not affected by the weather, a cleaner safer production environment results in stronger bonding and less tile wastage. Pre-fabricated fibre glass water tank. This type of pre-fabrication is an example of saving construction waste by materials substitution. All residential housing units of the New Harmony type include water storage on the roof of the building; the normal design solution is a cast in-situ concrete tank. An alternative to the construction of the cast-in-situ concrete water tank on the roof of the building is the adoption of a pre-fabricated fibre glass tank. Pre-fabricated internal wall panels e.g. dry wall partitions, and gypsum boards may be used to replace concrete or brick walls which are then finished by plastering in-situ. This has the potential to make significant savings in construction waste because a typical residential building would have some 452m2 of internal walls per floor and typically there would be 32 or 40 floors per building. The adoption of this form of construction has minimal impact on the design tasks because the pre-fabricate

Why maths are rejected? by M. Moran

What is mathematics? Mathematics is a science, artistic expression of thought, a standard academic studying various concepts such as: space, structure, and change the amount; are a set of knowledge In progress, their objects of study are abstract and theoretical development is achieved through intuition, manipulating objects, and all forms of logical thought. What are we math? We used to be able to solve practical problems and daily life, understand the science, studying economics and an essential thing Is that it is very supportive and helps to develop the mind.In recent years, several teachers and educators have tried to fold an explanation to why mathematics has become one of the materials with the lowest averages in current societies. But not only are they concerned this problem, parents and guardians also Curious about this rejection and fear that children from an early age to show the numbers. Lately, parents have come to regard mathematics the main cause of school problems wit h their children, and have referred to them with the worst qualifying. Thus mathematics acquired a bad reputation for the home and children and grow with hat paradigm.One reason for the rejection of mathematics and the most important is the limited ability of some teachers to teach the subject; their teaching methodology Is not the best or correct; there are teachers who are not sufficiently trained to teach, especially In the primary which Is where the foundations of the art form; is how students they find it harder to understand a problem or solve a problem and qualify as â€Å"hard† or â€Å"boring†. Moreover, as the mathematical learning is cumulative, changing mathematics teachers each year during school or college stage an also be a problem, since the methodology of teaching is not the same in all teachers.Many people do not consider the Importance of this matter, as they fall to see or acknowledge you in all your daily activities make use of them, either conscio usly or unconsciously; that is why teachers should teach their students from the beginning the applications of mathematics in everyday life and for them to get to see them differently and achieve curiosity and interest in it. They can use them to note that in such simple activities Like starting a pizza or an Ice cream.Another major cause of this problem is that mathematics is a discipline that requires effort, concentration, dedication and patience; qualities that not everyone enjoys. So growing rejection, fear and hatred of math, because not all people are so disciplined in the art to be persevering in efforts to achieve and difficulty finding the desired result. Other causes of rejection are also stereotypes of teachers, and confuse or personality associated with the art teacher, If the teacher Is not to their liking them or saying that is difficult and even boring.A clear example of this problem the 10th world power with respect to mathematics, being the contributor 5% of articl es in scientific Journals in the world, but this has changed with the passing of the years living in Spain because certain mismatches have occurred over the years that have made new students from small will have little apathy to mathematics, among the highlights are: Training of teachers regarding the problem and motivation in the classroom. In this regard President SEEM (Spanish Society for Research in Mathematics Education) Bernard Gomez said that mathematics not only generate antipathy, but can provoke anxiety. Many teachers of the subject shows his annoyance about the academic to the decayed over the years but despite this level as Bernard Gomez, â€Å"There are great Spanish mathematicians. † But where is the problem? It is public knowledge that mathematics is considered one of the hardest if not the hardest materials, this causes very little enthusiasm in young people. The determinants of the lack of enthusiasm are lack of motivation, the teaching methodology of the stu dy program, the attitude that put the dents in learning and ‘climate' social adverse presenting this subject from parents towards their children.An example of this social problem is in the â€Å"avoid something I do not understand ask for fear of looking like a fool in front of my peers. † Besides this internal factor lies in what is itself the subject that is the complexity when reason and not Just read and try it once, deserves a longer effort because it should read several times to achieve a successful argument, as if they need a math problem on the proposed extended understanding and a little reflection, Just so you an achieve a successful resolution to exercise.We could see that there thinking skills that influence this paradigm aforementioned such as cognitive, affective and intentional skills are what create a negative atmosphere in most cases about the difficulty that can have mathematics through of their lives, this is due to a misconception that the person has in childhood as very young is not given good references to the child what is mathematics really like: â€Å"it's all about the math† . In this way we can help you make a concept car which is mathematics and the importance they will have in the future.It would help to eradicate this problem, you teach from small to having love, affection and respect to mathematics and its content is infinite but is one of the most beautiful and important sciences of the world. In my opinion, mathematics is rejected because since childhood listening to adults talk that mathematics is difficult, which is the subject to which you have to put more effort because of its difficulty; and somehow this leads to a mental block for some children and only a hard work of a master or willingly takes discard this paradigm hat many of the people who reject mathematics have been left out.

Home Burial

‘Humankind erects and maintains real and symbolic barriers to protect and defend opposing stances, beliefs and territories. The resulting lack of communication reinforces those barriers, often to detrimental effects’. Discuss in relation to at least two of Robert Frost’s poems. Much of Frost’s poetry includes the discussion of, and indeed reasoning behind varying types of barriers within diverse situations – many of which he himself experienced throughout his life. Mending Wall, â€Å"one of Frosts most anthologised poems†, is a primary example of both physical and emotional barriers being used in his attempts to explore the diversity in the relationships between both humankind and nature, and human beings themselves; the question â€Å"Are walls and fences instrumental in the retention and renewal of human relationships? †, being the driving force behind this piece of work. Although the narrator describes his neighbour as â€Å"an old stone age savage†¦he moves in darkness as it seems to me†, it must be noted that it is in fact the narrator who initiates the mending of the wall, perplexing the reader as it appears that tradition and indeed the wall itself is of no importance to him. Harold Bloom states that â€Å"Frost identifies a deep human resistance to formal principles, more generally, reluctance to erect obstacles to freedom, and a desire to see barriers break down. The neighbour who lives by the saying â€Å"good fences make good neighbours†, â€Å"resembles an obstructionist, a Luddite, who can only recite his father's bromide to justify his yearly task of rebuilding the wall. † The wording of the first lines of Mending Wall, also introduce something somewhat ‘supernatural’ to its meaning. â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall†, does not define what it actually is which destroys t he wall. Frost of course knows that it is the elements which are responsible, but as critic Frank Lentricchia comments â€Å"His fun lies in not naming it, and in not naming the scientific truth he is able to manipulate intransigent fact into the world of the mind where all things are pliable. The artful vagueness of the phrase ‘Something there is’ is enchanting and magical, suggesting even the bushed tones of reverence before mystery in nature. And the speaker who is not at all reverent toward nature, consciously works at deepening that sense of mystery†, therefore the â€Å"supernatural or Godly force that does not approve of the wall being up, and desires that there be no man-made barriers placed between human beings† is left paramount in the mind of the reader. â€Å"We have to use a spell to make them balance†, reinforces the magical element of the poem, with the ambiguity, and significance of line 4 â€Å"And makes gaps even two can pass abreast†, heightening its enigmatic and surreptitious elements. Frost emphasises the fact that the gaps in the wall were made large enough for two humans to pass side by side through it, causing the reader and indeed himself to question if man is perhaps going against the wishes of nature itself in erecting these barriers, the destructive side of nature and the effect of the changing of the seasons being a recurring theme throughout the works of Frost. For him nature was not just a â€Å"background for poetry, but rather a central character in his works†. In Mending Wall, Frost also accentuates the human need to have different ‘species’ or types of people separated; his reference to the differing types of trees is a metaphorical, representing the way in which man feels the need to separate one type of person from another by way of both physical and unseen barriers; as much of Frost’s life was spent during times of great class struggle and the oppression of African American citizens, the barriers he witnessed between these people and his own influenced and made greater his wish to destroy the lack of communication between all human beings, both those from differing backgrounds and, as can be seen between the husband and wife in Home Burial, those who share a strong bond. Here, Frost reinforces the difficulties which people face in achieving effective communication, where he presents it â€Å"as the only possible escape from isolation and despair†. His own experiences with the loss of children are explored within this emotionally charged and demonstrative piece of poetry; with prominence being given to how communication between two people can help overcome anything which life may hand them, and how a lack of communication causes the barriers between the two to become even greater. Home Burial describes not only the death of a child, but the aftermath which follows; the marital partnership dissolving both mentally and physically, as neither husband or wife feels able to confide in the other regarding the immense grief and sense of loss which they are feeling; this lack of communication is what ultimately destroys their marriage. Both Mending Wall and Home Burial are prime examples of how Frost viewed and experienced barriers in his own personal life, although hey are poles apart; Home Burial being darker and more emotionally personal to Frost than Mending Wall, which seems lighter, with an almost playful and explorative element. Mending Wall is written as a lengthy one stanza poem in a narrative style, which seeks to reinforce the lighthearted nature of the piece. â€Å"The poem is not broken into stanzas, which makes it look visually like a rock wall turned on its side†¦the ‘gaps’ in the wall when we look at the way that the line endings form an imperfect line all the way down the page. † The language and setting which Frost has employed for Mending Wall intends for the reader to focus on the wall and the men mending it. The landscape is not described, the â€Å"yelping dogs† of the hunters have long gone, and there remains only the pine and apple trees, and the wall dividing them. The poetic techniques of imagery, where the speaker tells his neighbour â€Å" and irony, serve as symbolic representations of barriers, albeit through a cheerful tone; simultaneously highlighting the serious meaning within the poem. The wall is the most dominant piece of irony used throughout; it not only separates the speaker from his neighbour, but it also brings them together every year. Line 14 â€Å"We set the wall between us once again. We keep the wall between us as we go†, suggests that they are content in working together to repair the wall on the condition that they both mend their own side. The use of these techniques together with the repetitions of the lines â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall,† and â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors,† emphasise the theme of a two sided argument, as does line 23 at the exact centre of the poem. â€Å"There where it is we do not need the wall†, is the first intimation that the speaker does not feel a need for the wall. This line divides the poem in two, with the first 22 lines being the factual events surrounding the mending of the wall, and the last 22 lines being the ‘argument’ for and against the presence of it. The style in which Home Burial is written in is opposing in every way, with the choice of language and delivery giving it greater importance and ‘weight’ within the works of Frost. It is notable that only one word in Mending Wall is more than two syllables long. The language of Home Burial is direct and to the point; a dramatic narrative, written in informal blank verse which empowers and brings to life the characters within it. The position of the couple in the first stanza, and indeed throughout must be noted; the wife at the top of the stairs, and the husband at the foot of the stairs looking up at her; the sense of separation and yearning for solace which she feels being reiterated by Frosts choice of language in his description of her husband and indeed his movements. â€Å"Advancing towards her†, â€Å"Mounting until she cowered under him†, â€Å"You make me angry, I’ll come down to you! †

Kierkegaards Knight of Faith †Theology Essay

Kierkegaards Knight of Faith – Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers Kierkegaard’s Knight of Faith Theology Essay It is difficult to ascertain whether Kierkegaard wanted his readers to see his knights of infinite resignation and faith as images of actual armor-clad medieval warriors bound by an oath, but I do not hesitate to believe that to some extent, this visualization is necessary to fully comprehend his intended meaning. Although the knight of infinite resignation works by reason and the knight of faith relies on acceptance of the absurd for his peace of mind, either role requires quite a strong character and dedication to a sturdy oath. However, each knight has quite a different place in the realm of ethics. The knight of infinite resignation stays within ethics and becomes a tragic hero, the pity of all surrounding him; the knight of faith steps outside classical ethics and becomes an individual example of an ethical suspension for a greater purpose- a purpose which is generally irrational and absurd- actually inviting those surrounding to pity themselves. Kierkegaard uses a wonderfully congruent example of an ethical dilemma that could be presented to a classical, medieval armored knight. In this knight’s world, there is a beautiful princess. He loves her, but she is so far removed from him, that he can never reach her to marry her. Assuming the actual impossibility of the marriage of the two, the knight has two choices. He can submit to resignation and rationally realize he will never have her. In this case, he will not be buoyed up by irrational false hopes, but we still weep for his unfortunate situation. Or else, he can become a knight of faith- he can have blind trust that he will obtain the princess, based on nothing else but his own faith. This is much more difficult to achieve than the knight of infinite resignation- it goes completely against the faculties of reason. Yet he continues to trust that he will marry her and loves her based on the absurd incomprehensible belief that he will obtain her in the end. Abraham is not confronted with loving a woman, but his dilemma is equally great- if not extremely more trying than that of the knight and the princess. He could easily become a knight of infinite resignation in his situation- he could accept the sorrow and impending loss of his son as a pitiable fact of life. But no- Abraham is a knight of faith. He traverses to the mountain in Moriah, having faith that his son Isaac will be saved or that it will all turn out well. Of course, this is based on nothing rational- it is completely a mindset of his hope and faith. For all he knows, he is going to the mountain to become what classical ethics brands a murderer. The knight of faith, as exemplified in the example of Abraham, is an example of the â€Å"teleological suspension of the ethical;† normal ethical code would dictate that he is an attempted murderer, but he has actually transcended our understanding of ethics for a greater purpose. Call him what you will, it does not matter- his loyalty to God brings him above any human judgment. He is no hero. Through his distress and agony and his absurd situation, he is greater than that- a greatness that brings him above our praises and our tears. We do not need to sorrow for him or try to feel his pain, for we can do no such thing. We cannot even understand him, only â€Å"weep for [ourselves]† (94). In other words, what happened to him is not necessarily something eternally unbeneficial- Abraham is a much greater person because of his trial, as we would all be. I weep because I cannot see myself climbing the mountain; I weep because I am afraid that I could not show faith that pure . In the Book of Mormon, Nephi is faced with the dilemma of killing Laban. Like Abraham, murder is something that Nephi has never done, or most likely never even contemplated. Yet, here he is, standing with a drawn sword in front of the drunken, passed-out man who is the central threat to his life. One would tend to think that here we have another teleological suspension of the ethical, and that Nephi is a perfect example of a knight of faith. However, he is not- this is not Kierkegaard’s definition. A knight of faith thinks and acts on his acceptance of the absurd- a perfect absence of reason. This is why Abraham holds this elevated title. There was no rational argument for the killing of Isaac; in fact, the act was in direct contrast to reason as Abraham saw it. After all, hadn’t God promised Abraham’s posterity as numerous as the stars of the sky? Hadn’t He given him Isaac as a fulfillment of that prophecy? There was no visible reason to the command- to u s, it was completely absurd. However, there is plenty of reason involved in Nephi’s decision. He was commanded by God, just as Abraham, but the Lord gives him plenty of reasons why it is better that â€Å"one man should perish than that a whole nation should dwindle and perish in unbelief† (1 Nephi 4:13), that phrase itself being very plausible rationale. In the history of the world, there have been countless examples of just and righteous men killing other men. This is justified even within our own limited ethical value system through war, self-defense, etc. Although Nephi’s situation may not be a classical example of battle or immediate self-preservation, it is certainly a rational decision, simply based on the promptings of God. Abraham, however, has absolutely no reason to kill Isaac than to obey God. Isaac does not want to keep the brass plates, he does not want to kill Abraham, he is completely innocent and does not deserve to die. The fact that Abraham obeys the command of God based on no ethical reason brands him as a true knight of faith. Nephi is somewhat of a tragic hero- we may feel for him and we may even be able to put ourselves in his situation and make the same decision, but we cannot understand the pure absence of reason involved in Abraham’s situation unless we were faced with that decision ourselves. K ierkegaard certainly shares my admiration for this great patriarch, and although we need not weep for his predicament, we certainly can look upon him with wonder and awe. 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Interview paper Essay Example

Interview paper Essay Example Interview paper Essay Interview paper Essay Interview Paper Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Interview Paper I interviewed Miss Catherine Smith, a marketing manager at a local beverage company. She has worked for the company for six years in a managerial position thus accumulating experience in decision-making. Most of the time the company looks up to her to come up with ways of improving the sales of their products that are a crucial factor in profit making. She has responsibilities such as, ensuring customer satisfaction, pricing strategies, research on market trends, coordinating recruitment of staff in her department and advertising and promotion of the company’s products. On a daily basis, she makes managerial decisions that affect the company economically and through other aspects. Being in a competitive business, she has to be careful on the kind of decisions she makes especially because her job is directly linked to the product and the consumers. The interview began with questions about my coursework and the reasons for our discussion. Having explained to her in my request for the interview, I was a bit taken aback by her inquisition of the details. I gave her a detailed summary of what I was undertaking and informed her that the interview was for my coursework. Due to her background in economic studies, she was quick to offer me a few pointers on what to major in and how to approach the job market later. Throughout the interview, she kept pausing to attend to some urgent work but resumed almost immediately. Prior to the interview, I had prepared a series of questions on a number of topics. These questions were in the form of a questionnaire. This was to guide me in the making of my final paper. The main themes were based on how the company’s strategies are affected by the decisions she makes concerning economics. Economic decisions are those that deal with financial aspects of a business and how resources are divided among different functions (Baker, 112). In this case, the decisions being made involve the allocation of resources to her marketing department. I asked about the decisions she makes regularly, what influences them and their consequences. The company’s business strategies include its future prospects, market competition, availability of resources, the business environment and the expectations of their stakeholders. According to Catherine, she makes decisions influenced by current economic status of the company, the need for profit maximization, consumer trends and market structure. Concerning the company’s economic status, she has to evaluate whether the company can be able to withstand certain decisions that require financial assistance. For instance, when she has to run an advertisement campaign, she must confirm with other relevant departments to ascertain the financial position of the company. As much as advertising helps to connect with their consumers, the resources of the company have to be considered in line with its business strategies. At all times, the company should maintain a certain level of resources that help in the running of its daily activities. In such an event, she has to consult prior to running the campaign, which involves the aspect of management planning. This way, the company benefits from her decision and the business strategy remains unaffected. However, the aim is not to affect the business strategies, it is to ensure that the actions taken by management should develop or implement these strategies often done through strategic management. Profit maximization is the main aim of the company’s operations. Almost every action taken seeks to advance the company’s profit to the highest possible level (Lantos, 60). As the marketing manager, she is tasked with this responsibility as she deals with securing a market for their products. This is not to imply that she is the sole determinant of the company’s profit, because hers is not the only department and all of them have to coordinate to achieve the goals of the company. Catherine mentioned that she makes such decisions most of the time, those that intended for maximizing profit. Having to deal with how the company’s products penetrate the market is not an easy job. It involves a lot of work, and she often requires the assistance of other departments. As one of her tasks, she determines the price of their products. This is done after a rigorous research on consumer buying trends, consumer income and the prices set by their competitors. These factors often influence how a commodity’s price is set (Hitt, Robert, 284). The price has to be put in such a way it does not cause losses, or else her decision making will be put in question. All the activities involved with price control such as the research require some money. The manger therefore drafts a budget and delivers it to the finance department for consideration. The amount of money accorded to them helps her to decide on the methods and tools to be used for the research. One business strategy of the company is to remain competitive. The interview revealed that marketing greatly determines competition. For instance, Catherine cited that the prevailing prices in the market help to place the company at a certain level with its competitors. As she makes her decisions, she has to ensure that they are within the goals that these strategies hope to achieve. She explained to me that competition is important in determining whether the company is making profit or not. It also provides knowledge on what advantage if any, the company has over its competitors and how it can be manipulated to increase profit. Additionally, competition helps in the identifying of possible markets. The marketing manager always has to monitor such matters not only as part of her job description but as a participant in fulfilling the vision of the company. Economic decisions in marketing also have an effect on the future of the company. The company like every other organization puts into consideration its direction in terms of whether it is achieving what it intended. She went further to explain to me the company’s expectations, which include establishing itself as one of the leading beverage companies based on quality of products and market share. Therefore, the company constantly evaluates and reviews its progress through various ways such as conducting market surveys. Again, the marketing department is put under spotlight, as it is important in determining the company’s position in the market. The marketing manager has to give an account of how things are as they are, and mostly they are so because of the decisions she ha made. The future prospects of the company entail how much profit they would have made during a certain period (Hirschey, 632). Both the production and marketing teams are liable for this aspect of the company, as in practically. The production team should ensure quality commodities are made while marketers decide on how best to satisfy their customers and still earn extra money. Tough decisions therefore have to be made and consideration put into the consequences of these decisions. The recruitment of staff to the marketing department is done by human resource department after a prompt from the marketing manager. I had asked if it was within her mandate to make such a decision. According to company policy, anyone recruited to her department had to be interviewed by the marketing manager. Although the sourcing for possible candidate was done by the human resource section, the rest was left to her discretion. This is because she knew the kind of skills she required under her department, as it was an important one in the company. This concluded our interview session and we proceeded to discuss why managerial decisions are crucial to any organization’s success. The information I gathered indicated a relation between these decisions and the business strategies of an organization. Most managers are employed to advance certain business strategies hence each decision they make should reflect this (Sekhar, 14). However, these decisions can only be successful if they are of good quality and have been executed effectively. These decisions help in building trust and confidence in both consumers and employees. If consumers are satisfied with a product, they tend to buy it more, which is advantageous to any company. Employees gain confidence in the company they work for if their managers make good decisions that guarantee stability in the future. Conclusively, the interview helped me to understand my coursework better and gain some knowledge of how things work behind the scenes to make an organization successful. Most of the decisions that managers make are not publicized but they reflect in the consumers’ reaction to their company’s products. The interview was definitely an eye opening experience.

Economics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics - Coursework Example ‘Much of the competition between these oligopolistic firms is usually in terms of marketing of their particular brand’ (Sloman, pp. 197-198 2008), although the marketing techniques may differ considerably from one industry to another. There is a huge deal of interdependence between firms in an oligopoly. The abstract tells us that they have power in many ways in terms of regulating prices and agreements. The decisions made by the rivals will affect each firm. Firms, hence affecting their decisions recognize this interdependence (Sloman, pp. 197-198 2008). 2) Explain two reasons for your answer in question 1? It is an understanding that the type of the market structure is oligopolistic because of the fact that a few numbers of firms have a larger share of the market. In addition, when there are collusions as in the above case, so it shows that the type of market structure is oligopolistic. In addition, all the six companies mentioned do not always compete aggressively (Bi anco, 2011). It has been an observation that the companies have merged/collusion, which is done only in cases of an oligopoly where there are a few number of firms and they have a considerable, share in the market. It shows that ‘the policies of each company greatly influence those of the other firms, because of the few sellers present’ (World Book, Inc, pp. 735, 2007). 3) What are the 6 Firm concentration ratios for the global pesticide industry? The global pesticide industry (Swanson, pp. 52-59, 2002) is expected to have a larger ratio in the market because there are these 6 large firms only which have an edge over the market. It is expected that they will have a monopoly due the collusions that have taken place. This will result in an extensive market share (Leiberman, pp. 23-25, 2007). 4) What is meant by a cartel? Cartel is a form of collusion. There are other type of collusions like the horizontal and the vertical collusion, and the joint product development (Worl d Book, Inc, pp. 251, 2007). It is an association that is formed by various producers of a particular industry to control the market for their product. By restricting the available supply, the selling price is usually raised in a cartel. Usually, a cartel consists of privately owned companies in one country or another. Some governments may also form a cartel. In order to succeed, a cartel should be having a few members. However, the cartel must include all or most of the producers in a country to have monopoly in the product. It is necessary for the product to have less substitutes and it is favorable of the product is scarce (World Book, Inc, pp. 240-242, 2007). Like the case of chemical industry in an agriculture market. In a cartel, the selling price of a product is usually set at a higher price. In order to obtain this higher price, the cartel limits the output that is expected of each member, hence assigning each member a share of the market. There is a high probability for the cartel to fail if a large number of members cheat on these arrangements (World Book, Inc, pp. 252, 2007). 5) Give two features of the collusions by the companies There are explicit collusions and tacit collusions. In explicit collusion, it is the easiest way for firms to ensure that all the profit maximizing output will be in maintenance. Such